# 43.4.4 TestRestTemplate

**注** Spring Framework 5.0提供了一个新的`WebTestClient`。它服务于[WebFlux集成测试](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.0.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-testing-autoconfigured-webflux-tests)与[WebFlux与MVC端到端测试](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.0.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#boot-features-testing-spring-boot-applications-testing-with-running-server)。不像`TestRestTemplate`，它为断言提供了流畅的API。

在集成测试中,`TestRestTemplate`是Spring `RestTemplate`的便利替代。你可以获取一个普通的或发送基本HTTP认证（使用用户名和密码）的模板。不管哪种情况，这些模板都对测试友好，对于服务端错误不会抛出异常。推荐使用Apache HTTP Client(4.3.2或更高版本)，但不强制这样做。如果相关库在classpath下存在，`TestRestTemplate`将以正确配置的client进行响应。如果你使用Apache的HTTP客户端，一些额外的测试友好的特性将会被启用：

* 重定向不会被跟踪（所以你可以断言回应的位置） 
* Cookies将会被忽略（所以模版是无状态的）

`TestRestTemplate`能够在你的集成测试中被直接实例化：

```java
public class MyTest {

    private TestRestTemplate template = new TestRestTemplate();

    @Test
    public void testRequest() throws Exception {
        HttpHeaders headers = this.template.getForEntity(
                "http://myhost.example.com/example", String.class).getHeaders();
        assertThat(headers.getLocation()).hasHost("other.example.com");
    }

}
```

或者，如果你正在使用`@SpringBootTest`，且设置了`WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT`或`WebEnvironment.DEFINED_PORT`属性，你可以注入一个配置完全的`TestRestTemplate`，并开始使用它。如果有需要，你还可以通过`RestTemplateBuilder` bean进行额外的自定义。任何没有指定主机和端口的URL将会自动连接到内嵌的服务器：

```java
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class SampleWebClientTests {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate template;

    @Test
    public void testRequest() {
        HttpHeaders headers = this.template.getForEntity("/example", String.class)
                .getHeaders();
        assertThat(headers.getLocation()).hasHost("other.example.com");
    }

    @TestConfiguration
    static class Config {

        @Bean
        public RestTemplateBuilder restTemplateBuilder() {
            return new RestTemplateBuilder().setConnectTimeout(1000).setReadTimeout(1000);
        }

    }

}
```


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