> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://jack80342.gitbook.io/spring-boot/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://jack80342.gitbook.io/spring-boot/iv.-spring-boot-features/43.-testing/43.3-testing-spring-boot-applications/43.3.4-testing-with-a-running-server.md).

# 43.3.4 使用运行的服务器测试

如果你需要启动一个完整运行的服务器，我们建议你使用随机端口。如果你使用`@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment=WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)`，每次运行测试都会为你分配一个可用的随机端口。

`@LocalServerPort`注解用于[注入测试用例实际使用的端口](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.0.RELEASE/reference/htmlsingle/#howto-discover-the-http-port-at-runtime)，简单起见，需要发起REST调用到启动服务器的测试可以额外`@Autowire`一个[`WebTestClient`](https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.0.4.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/testing.html#webtestclient-tests)，它可以解析到运行服务器的相关链接，并且带有验证响应的专用API。如下所示：

```java
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.web.reactive.server.WebTestClient;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class RandomPortWebTestClientExampleTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebTestClient webClient;

    @Test
    public void exampleTest() {
        this.webClient.get().uri("/").exchange().expectStatus().isOk()
                .expectBody(String.class).isEqualTo("Hello World");
    }

}
```

Spring Boot也提供了一个`TestRestTemplate`设施：

```java
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class RandomPortTestRestTemplateExampleTests {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test
    public void exampleTest() {
        String body = this.restTemplate.getForObject("/", String.class);
        assertThat(body).isEqualTo("Hello World");
    }

}
```